空气潜孔锤跟管钻进技术在矿山溜井疏通工程中的设计与应用

Design and field application of air DTH hammer casing-following drilling for dredging of mine orepasses

摘要:

空气潜孔锤跟管钻进技术在复杂地层钻进中具有显著优势。针对溜井频繁堵塞严重影响矿山安全生产的问题，以都江堰某水泥用石灰岩矿山1号溜井内的矿料恶性堵塞为研究对象，基于空气潜孔锤快速钻进特点，结合溜井堵塞疏通爆破孔的需求，提出远距离斜孔、近端垂直孔、近端斜孔等多类型、多维度的疏通爆破钻孔实施方案。应用结果表明：近端斜孔采用具有定向保直特性的空气潜孔锤同心跟管钻进技术能高效穿入堵塞段，高精度爆破井快速有效疏通溜井内堵塞矿料；采用潜孔锤跟管钻进技术，ZK5疏通爆破孔0~68 m孔段平均钻速8 m/h，68~143 m孔段平均钻速高达15 m/h，钻进效率相较于常规钻进技术提高显著；空气潜孔锤裸孔钻进工艺成孔速度快，但孔底锤头的摆动容易产生较大的孔斜变化，特别是在斜孔中受重力和钻压的影响下钻孔轨迹更易偏离，在后续研究中建议增加孔内数据分析采集系统，实现地下?地面实时响应和轨迹控制。本文利用空气潜孔锤同心跟管钻进工艺，实现溜井高效、精准疏通，为矿山溜井堵塞事故处理提供了有力的技术支持。

Abstract:

The air DTH hammer casing-following drilling technology presents prominent advantages in complex formations drilling. Aiming at the frequent blockage of orepasses that seriously endangers mine safety production， this study takes the severe ore blockage occurring in No.1 orepass of a limestone mine for cement production in Dujiangyan as the research object， combined with the requirements for drilling blasting holes to clear orepass blockages， multiple types multi-dimensional drilling schemes for blasting holes are proposed， including long-distance inclined holes， near-end vertical holes and near-end inclined holes based on the rapid drilling technology of air DTH hammers. Field application results show that the near-end inclined holes were successfully drilled through the blockage sections using concentric DTH hammer casing-following with directional and straight-hole maintaining performance， and the rapid construction of high-precision blasting holes realized effective orepass clearing. For the ZK5 blasting hole， the average drilling rate reached 8 m/h at the interval of 0~68 m and 15 m/h at 68~143 m. The overall drilling efficiency was greatly improved compared with conventional drilling methods. Although open-hole drilling with air DTH hammer achieves fast hole-making， however， swing of the bottom hammer tends to induce significant hole deviation. Drilling trajectories are especially prone to deflection in inclined holes under the effect of gravity and weight-on-bit. Accordingly， an in-hole data acquisition and analysis system is recommended in follow-up research to realize real-time downhole-surface interaction and borehole trajectory control. This study verifies that the concentric air DTH hammer casing-following drilling technology can achieve efficient and precise orepass clearing， providing a solid technical reference for the treatment of orepass blockage in mines.