便携式钻机深孔钻探施工技术研究与应用

Research and application of deep-hole drilling construction technology with portable drilling rig

摘要:

为解决高海拔复杂地形深孔钻探中传统大型钻机运输困难、场地要求高、施工成本高及硬岩钻进效率低等问题，采用EP1500G型便携式模块化钻机在新疆高海拔林区开展1380.18 m深孔施工。通过系统性技术研究与创新，形成了一套完整的便携式钻机深孔施工技术体系。在场地建设方面，创新布置方案，搭配“块石混凝土基台+双锚杆锚定”的钻机安装工艺，有效解决了地形限制与设备稳定难题；设备配置上，优化钻杆、钻头等配套器具选型，改进夹持器支撑结构提升承载能力；钻探工艺上，设计四开钻孔结构，改进工艺技术以提升硬岩钻进效率，明确“动力头点头效应”对钻杆寿命的影响，提出“JFC冲洗液分析法”实时优化冲洗液性能，介绍孔内事故预防措施及“弹”式解卡等创新处理方法；同时构建多维度绿色钻探保障体系，实现施工区不修路、满足低扰动环保要求。实践表明，钻孔各项指标满足要求，创下近年来便携式钻机施工最深纪录之一。该技术体系为同类高海拔、复杂地形绿色勘查深孔钻探工程提供了可靠的技术参考。

Abstract:

To address the challenges of difficult transportation， stringent site requirements， high construction costs， and low hard-rock drilling efficiency when using conventional large drilling rigs for deep-hole drilling in high-altitude and complex terrains. Through systematic technical research and innovation， a comprehensive technical system for deep-hole drilling with portable rigs has been established. In site construction， an innovative site layout approach was adopted， incorporating a "rubble concrete base platform + double anchor rod anchoring" installation method， which effectively resolves the constraints of rugged terrain and the requirement for equipment stability. In equipment configuration， the selection of drill pipes， bits， and other auxiliary components was optimized， and the gripper support structure was improved to enhance load capacity. In drilling techniques， a four-stage borehole structure was designed， and process improvements were implemented to increase hard-rock drilling efficiency. The "power head nodding effect" was identified as a factor influencing drill pipe service life， and the "JFC drilling fluid analysis method" was proposed for real-time drilling fluid performance optimization. Preventive measures for downhole accidents and an innovative "spring-type" stuck pipe release technique were introduced. Additionally， a multi-dimensional green exploration system was established to meet the environmental requirements of no road construction and minimal disturbance within the drilling area. Field application results demonstrate that all borehole indicators meet the specifications， achieving one of the deepest boreholes drilling with portable rigs in recent years. This technical system provides a reliable reference for deep-hole drilling projects in similar high-altitude and complex terrains.