13000 m大深度绳索取心绞车关键技术研究

Research on key technologies of 13000 m wireline coring winch

摘要:

针对我国超万米科学钻探缺乏自主化绳索取心装备的工程难题，开展了13000 m大深度绳索取心绞车设计研究。综合考虑小环空间隙活塞效应及井斜摩擦等复杂工况，构建钢丝绳提升力学模型，通过数值仿真量化不同加速度下钢丝绳峰值载荷，确定启动加速度0.1 m/s2、匀速提升速度≤1 m/s的安全作业区间，并确定了额定牵引力200 kN、储缆量≥14500 m及钢丝绳直径17.3 mm、钢级2160 MPa等核心技术参数。提出了牵引绞车减张力与储缆绞车组合的总体结构，设计了双摩擦绞盘主从同步驱动系统，并采用松弛补偿器与PID恒张力控制及自动排绳技术，实现钢丝绳有序缠绕与张力缓冲。设计了基于Profinet总线的分布式电控系统以保障精准操控。研究结果表明，该设计方案可有效降低钢丝绳缠绕张力，解决乱绳损伤与控制精度难题，满足特深井安全连续取心需求，为我国深地探测装备国产化提供了关键技术支撑。

Abstract:

To address the challenge posed by the lack of domestically manufactured wireline coring equipment for ultra-deep scientific drilling exceeding 10000 m in China， a design study on a 13000 m deep wireline coring winch was conducted. Considering complex working conditions such as the piston effect induced by narrow annular clearance and caused by borehole deviation friction， a mechanical model for wire rope hoisting was established. Numerical simulation was performed to quantify the peak load of the wire rope under different accelerations， determining a safe operating range with a starting acceleration of 0.1 m/s2 and a maximum constant hoisting speed of 1 m/s. Accordingly， the core technical parameters were determined， including a rated traction force of 200 kN， a rope storage capacity of no less than 14500 m， a wire rope diameter of 17.3 mm， and a wire rope grade of 2160 MPa. An integrated structure combining a tension-reducing traction winch and a storage winch was proposed. A master-slave synchronous drive system with dual friction drums was designed， incorporating a slack compensator， PID-based constant tension control， and automatic spooling technology to achieve orderly winding and tension buffering of the wire rope. A distributed electrical control system based on the Profinet bus was developed to ensure precise operation. The results indicate that the proposed design can effectively reduce the winding tension of the wire rope， mitigate issues of disorderly spooling and associated wear， and improve control accuracy， thereby meeting the requirements for safe and continuous coring in ultra-deep wells. This study provides key technical support for the localization of deep earth exploration equipment in China.